The current labor-intensive small and medium enterprises facing not a matter of survival, but the development of the problem. The policy focus should be for survival "to" promote development ".
Currently, some of the trends in the area of SME development in China, the symptoms of the problem, has given rise to widespread concern. The clear tendency analysis of the nature of the problem, is to strengthen the future policies targeted to enhance the effects of policies on the basis of.
Four major trends in problem
SME development situation probably will be short-term difficulties normalization. "
Inside and outside the superposition of multiple factors, SMEs, especially labor-intensive small and medium enterprises face great difficulties. According to the June to August 2012, covering 2600 small and medium enterprises sample survey, the face of the difficulties of SMEs in labor-intensive industries such as furniture, clothing, communications equipment were as high as 75%, 46.2%, 45.5%. Rising labor costs, energy, raw materials prices, market orders are the main difficulties they face. The possibility of change in the short-term trend analysis of the reasons behind these difficulties are not available, probably will be a long-term survival dilemma faced by the labor-intensive small and medium enterprises.
Sluggish exports behind the "Made in China" declining competitiveness.
The combined effect of rising labor costs and the appreciation of the renminbi and other factors, the Chinese-made traditional advantage of low labor costs, land costs and exchange rate advantage is weakening, gradual decline in the international competitiveness of China's traditional manufacturing industries. Of more concern is that the traditional advantage of weakening the same time, China's manufacturing advantage has not been built yet. In the context of facing the new industrial revolution breakthrough, "material gain" as the representative of the use and promotion of new technologies will inevitably reshape the new format model of China's manufacturing industry in technological innovation, intellectual property protection, quality control, R & D, design, consulting services and other sectors, higher demands.
Transformation and upgrading under the name of "re-turn light up" Recognizing deviation.
Many local governments industrial transfer equivalent to industrial transformation and upgrading, policy orientation is one-sided emphasis on the transfer of industries rather than genuine transformation and upgrading. However, it must be noted that the transfer of industries is not equivalent to the transformation and upgrading. Through the transfer of industries to achieve business transformation and upgrading of the development of ideas to ease the plight of policy, not a long-term solution.
First, as has the cost advantage of industry to undertake the central and western regions is gradually weakening, the ASEAN countries will be replaced within a decade. If you always only pay attention to the transfer of industries, continue to follow the existing mode of development, will miss the best time of transformation and upgrading. Second, the transfer of industries may appear traditional industries out of low value-added, high-tech and high value-added industries did not enter the "hollowing out" phenomenon does not fundamentally solve the problem. The transfer area, turn the industry simply as a means of transformation and upgrading of enterprises, failed to hit the "high efficiency, high value-added business transformation and upgrading key role in the true sense of the fear will be limited.
Burdens background "tax undescended significant increase in fee" unhealthy tendencies.
The rapid growth of SMEs bear the tax and non-tax charges, or even significantly more than corporate profits. 2012 January to July, Hunan Province SME tax increase of 14.3 percentage points higher than the increase in the profits; the first half of 2012, the State Council Development Research Center survey found that 30% to 40% decline in the profits of industrial enterprises, research provinces still double-digit revenue growth that the corporate tax burden is too heavy.
Of more concern is that since 2012, by the downward pressure on macroeconomic and real estate regulation in many places, in order to guarantee the expected revenue increase to impose a variety of non-tax fees. In the first three quarters of 2012, Tianjin, Anhui, Guangdong and other provinces in non-tax revenue increased by 40, 30 and 18 percentage points higher than the increase in tax revenue.
This reflects the reality of the plight of the implementation of the preferential taxation policies for SMEs: a portion of the administrative fees "face" for operational charges, resulting burden on SMEs is increasing rather than reducing the recessive trend levy previews; "small and scattered" management, registration and license and other administrative fees reduced, "large and heavy" fees species such as river engineering and maintenance management fees, water fees, labor insurance, not less, "evasive" structural The problem is more prominent, and the enterprise burden limited effect.
"Promote development" policy focus
Conversion concept, policy point of departure "for survival" to "promote development".
Labor-intensive small and medium enterprises, the foothold of policy support should be to promote development rather than for survival, should be to create an environment to guide the development rather than blindly asylum. In response to the characteristics of the labor-intensive small and medium enterprises, the focus of the policy should be directed at the crucial point: First, lowering labor costs, especially the cost of employee social security. To promote the implementation of the new job subsidies, on the basis of the job training subsidy policy, explore the implementation of labor-intensive small and medium enterprises to social insurance deductible enterprise income tax policy pilot; enhance innovation capability, enhance the value chain position. Guide and encourage labor-intensive small and medium enterprises to strengthen technological innovation, increase investment in research and development efforts to improve the level of information to effectively enhance the capability of independent innovation.
Multi-pronged approach to enhance the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing SMEs.
Promote China's manufacturing technology, quality and brand transformation from pure cost advantage to inseparable from the SME capability of independent innovation and high-end manufacturing capacity enhancement. Therefore, it is necessary to expand financing channels, strengthen research and development, optimization and innovation environment focus on differentiation.
Funds focused on the financial resources to play the leverage effect, leveraging social capital to the financial funds to support efforts to increase technology research and development of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises; technology to actively implement the R & D expense deduction encourage innovation policies, and strengthen cooperation with universities, research institutions, complementary advantages, to build manufacturing technology innovation system; Third, the environment, and vigorously promote the development of producer services, the establishment of advanced manufacturing talent introduction, training and incentives, the establishment of industry training platform, optimization of fair competition and intellectual property protection, to create a favorable external environment for the enterprise.
Common understanding, as soon as possible to develop a road map of the transformation and upgrading of SMEs.
Strategic clarity and landing is the key. Clear the purpose of promoting transformation not only stay in the level of capital growth and, more importantly, is to achieve growth pattern. By different industries in different parts of the country representative of the transformation and upgrading of the success stories of research to find the right way to take effective means to promote small and medium enterprises as a whole from the transfer area, the initial stage of the transfer industry "into the independent research and development and technological innovation the substantive stage of the support points.
Should formulate a roadmap of transformation and upgrading of SMEs, a clear transformation and upgrading of the boost phase, the goal of convergence, the key breakthrough and means of support in the implementation of the sub-region, the phases and the deepening of the level on the basis of the transformation strategy, establishing a clear path of transformation and upgrading. To guide enterprises to change the competitive strategy, development model, international route, take the scientific management, innovation-driven, intensive and efficient, environment-friendly high-end road of development.
Implement the plan, to enhance the effectiveness of policies, effectively reducing the burden for small and medium-sized enterprises.
Strengthen policy execution is the key. To continue to deepen the implementation of the existing policies to promote SME development, combined with the characteristics and difficulties of the development of SMEs around the central and local should actively introduce relevant supporting refinement burden reduction policy to improve the policy content targeted and operable to expand benefit enterprise-wide, to identify policies floor starting point.
In-depth study of various aspects of the implementation of the policy may accelerate the establishment of small and medium enterprises to reducing the "number one project" and assessment supervision and incentive mechanism. Increase clean cancellation and reduction of some charges related to unemployment efforts to avoid the source of the "invisible" and "deformation" of the tax and fee. Explore SME reduced taxes, fees policy performance evaluation mechanism, to learn from the EU "SME test" system, an objective measure of the tax burden on small and micro enterprises are subject to the use of systems and quantitative means.
